Electromagnetic device



G. PLAISANT.

ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICE.

APPLlCATlON FILED JULY 15, I919.

Patented Mar. 16,1920.

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ATTORNEY G. PLAISANT.

ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 15, 1919.

3 SHEETSSHEETZ Patented Mar. 16, 1920.

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GKPLAISANT.

ELECTROMAGNETiC DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 15, 1919;

v ,334,258. Y Patented Mar. 16, 1920.

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BY ZWM ATTORNEY.

GUSTAVE PLAISANT, OF EALING, LONDON, ENGLAND.

ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented B131. 16, 1920.

Application filed July 15, 1919. Serial No. 310,993.

1 b all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GUSTAVE PLAISANT, a citizen of the French Republic, and re siding at 38 Warwick road, Ealing, London, W., England, (formerly of 2 Voss Court, Streatham Common, London, S. W.,) have invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to Electromagnetic Devices, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to an improved electromagnetic device capable of being used for various purposes.

The present invention consists in an electromagnetic fabric comprising in combination solenoids or equivalent windings provided, or not, with iron cores, and conductors which are arranged adjacently to, and more particularly interlaced with the said solenoids or equivalent windings in such a manner as wholly or partly to deflect the magnetic lines of force to the one or the other side.

In the case of cylindrical electromagnetic fabrics, for instance, such as described with reference to Figure 9 in British Patent No. 123,346, the deflection of the magnetic lines of force is effected in such a manner that they pass through the solenoids or equivalent windings and through the outside of the cylinder constituting the fabric, or through the said solenoids or their equivalent and the interior of the said cylinder, or in one portion of the cylinder through its interior and in the other portion thereof through its exterior.

Figs. 1-15 illustrate diagrammatically and by way of example the principle of the invention and various modes of carrying it into efi'ect:

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, which illustrate the broad principle of the invention, a is one of a plurality of iron rods, 7) a solenoid winding wound thereon, and c 0 two of a plurality of conductors interlaced with the various solenoids which are provided with the iron cores. If a current is sent through the interlacing conductors c c in the direction indicated by the arrows, and a current is sent through the winding 6 of the solenoid also in the direction indicated by the arrows, it will be seen that on one side of the electromagnetic fabric thus formed, the currents reinforce each other, while on the other side thereof they act in opposition. The consequence of this arrangement is that on the one side of the electromagnetic fabric the magnetic flux is substantially increased, while on the other side thereof it is substantially decreased, and can even be reduced to zero.

The invention also consists in the utilization of the improved electromagnetic fabric in the construction of static transformers as hereinafter more particularly referred to.

Referring to Figs. 3 and i, the same illustrate electromagnetic, fabrics of the character just referred to, with their various elements arranged in one plane, and along a cylinder respectively.

In Figs. 58, A is a diagrammatic representation of an electromagnetic fabric of the cylindrical type, and C the magnetic lines of force produced by it. Fig. 5 illus trates the case in which the current is sent through the solenoid windings and the interlacing conductors in such directions that the magnetic flux is entirely deflected to the outside of the cylinder; Fig. 6 shows a dia gram in which the magnetic lines of force are entirely deflected to the inside of the cylinder, and Fig. 7 a diagram in which the magnetic lines of force are deflected on the one half of the cylinder A to the interior of the cylinder, as represented by the lines C, and on the other half to the outside thereof, as represented by the lines C A further possible arrangement is illustrated in Fig. 8 in which the lines of force in the successive portions of the eletromagnetic fabric are deflected alternately to the inside and to'the outside of the cylindrical electromagnetic fabric.

The diagrams hereinbefore referred to are iilustratimz' only a few examples of the phenomena which can be obtained according to the present invention, which phenomena may be utilized in various ways as hereinafter more particularly referred to. It is, however, to be understood that the arrangements referred to may be modified in many other respects according to requirements.

The electromagnetic fabric constructed according to the present invention may be energized wholly by continuous currents, or wholly by alternating currents, or partly by continuous. currents and partly by alternating currents. For instance, the various solenoid windings b may be energized by means of continuous currents and the interlacing conductors c c by means of alternating currents, or vice versa,

The various windings b may be-connected in series or in parallel with each other, and in either case they may be energized in such a manner that all the cores (4 shall be magnetized in the same direction, or that alternate cores shouldbe magnetized in opposite directions.

The case illustrated in Fig. 7 may be realized in practice by arranging that in one half of the cylindrical electromagnetic fabric, the current shall flow through the interlacing conductors and the solenoids. in the same direction on the outside of the sleeve, and in opposite directions on the inside thereof, and vice-versa in the other half.

It is to be pointed out that if in any of the arrangements hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. lS use is made of constant continuous currents, the magnetic flux will be stationary and that the latter will oscillate if the device is energized by means of alternating currents. For instance, .if in Figs. 1 and 2, an alternating current is caused to flow in parallel through the interlacing conductors c c and the latter are in series with the solenoids Z), the directions. of all the arrows will change at each alteration, whereby the direction of the magnetic flux through the rods (4 as well as outside thereof will change accordingly, that is to say the magnetic flux will oscillate,.always remaining reinforced on the one side of the electromagnetic fabric and being considerably decreased or neutralized on the other side thereof.

It is to be understood that the winnings. of the solenoids may be modified in various respects and that the direction of the windings may difi'er on one and the same support, the length and the number of the windings being either the same, or different; it is also to be understood that the interlacing conductor may be modified in various respects and that the invention is not confined to the use of any particular support for carrying the various windings, the cores of the solenoids, the cross-section of which may be of any form, being made of iron or of non-magnetic material.

An important application of the invention consists inthe utilization of the electromagnetic fabric in combination with another winding for the. purpose of inducing a current in the latter, or of receiving an induced current from the same. 4

Fig. 9 illustrates diagrammatically the section of a transformer, A being the electromagnetic fabric, (1 an iron core arranged inside thereof, and e a winding mounted on the iron core cl. Fig. 10 illustrates. a different construction of transformer, in, which the electromagnetic fabric A is surrounded by an iron core (Z on which is provided a winding 6. In the transformer according to Fig. 9, the electromagnetic fabric A is energized in such a manner; as to deflect the magnetic lines of force to the interior of the fabric, and in the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 10 in such a manner that the magnetic lines of force shall be deflected to the outside thereof. If the electromagnetic fabric in either of the arrangements just referred to is energized by alternating or intermittent currents, a strong current is induced in the secondary winding 6. It is, however, to be understood that the winding c may serve as the primary and the electromagnetic fabric be used as the secondary of the transformer, in which case one-or more currents may be derived from the various portions of the electromagnetic fabric according to the connections therein.

The forms of construction illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10 may be combined in one form of construction as illustrated in Fig. 11. If, in the latter arrangement the winding of the inner solenoid c isconnected in series with the winding of the exterior solenoid e, and preferably so that the E. M. F.s induced therein shall oppose each other and the interlacing conductors 0 0 are connected in parallel with each other and in series with the solenoid b of the electromagnetic fabric and in series with a source of alternating current and if the inner magnetic field is saturated, by the magnetic lines of force being deflected thereto by the electromagnetic fabric, as compared with the outer magnetic field in which there is no saturation, the curves of E. M. F.-induced in one of the solenoids will be pointed and that ofthe E. M. F. induced in the other solenoid will be flat, the consequence being that their superposition will lead to an alternating current of trcbled frequency at their extremities, which current may be caused to flow through any de sired external circuit.

A further development of the arrangementillustrated in Fig. 11, consists in: subdividing the inner and outer cores into a plurality of cores corresponding to the number of cores provided in the electromagnetic fabric A, and in connecting together the cores (1- pertaining to the electromagnetic fabric with the corresponding inner and outer cores (i and (Z respectively by the iron connections 1 and 2, as illustrated in Figs. 12 and 13. In this arrangement a secondary winding D is mounted on each one of the inner and a secondary winding D on each one of the outer cores and if the electromagnetic fabric is energized in such a way as to produce an inner magnetic field, the inner cores (Z will be saturated while the outer cores (Z will not be saturated.

The arrangement diagrammatically illus trated with reference to Figs. 12 and 13 is of special importance in connection with static transformers for increasing and generally varying the frequency of the alternating current, which is available. For instance, if in the arrangement diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 14, which is a portion of a transformer of the character described with reference to Figs. 12 and 13, an alternating current derived from a source S is sent in parallel through the interlacing conductors c c and in series through the winding on the inner core a, and if the two corresponding windings e e are connected in series with one another and preferably so that the E. M. F.s induced therein shall act in opposition to'each other, the frequency of such induced currentwill be three times greater- .tnan the frequency of the current flowlng through the interlacing conductors and the solenoid on the core a for the same reason as that stated above in connection with Fig. 11. N ow, if this current of increased frequency is caused to flow through the winding provided on the subsequent core a of the elec tromagnetic device, by the free ends of the windings e 0 being connected thereto, the frequency of the current induced in the corresponding windings f f will further be increased by being again trebled for the same reason, and so on, throughout the various portions of the whole of the transformer, the free ends g 3 of the last two inner and outer windings m 0%, respectively, being connected to any desired external circuit.

The combination of a continuous and alternating current through the electromagnetic device may be such as to lead to a separation of the phases of the alternating current. Fig. 15 illustrates diagrammatically the result obtained if a continuous current is sent through the interlacing conductors 0 0 and an alternating current through the winding a, one phase being deflected to the exterior and the other phase to the interior of the electromagnetic fabric, as indicated by the magnetic lines of force h h respectively, the phases being in the same sense and the currents induced in the secondary windings e e see Fig. 14, being asymmetrical.

Instead of employing iron bars, use may be made of sheet iron plates or cylinders suitably perforated to receive the solenoid windings and interlacing conductors, or as a further alternative, the iron bars may be notched to receive such windings and conduetors.

It is to be understood that the means for carrying the invention into effect may be modified in various respects without in any way departing from the spirit of the invention, and that the invention is not limited to the applications hereinbefore more particularly referred to.

What I claim is 2-- 1. An electromagnetic fabric comprising a plurality of solenoids and conductors interlaced with said solenoids in combination 2. An electromagnetic fabric as claimed in claim 1, in which the solenoids are provided with iron cores, as set forth.

3. An electric transformer comprising an electromagnetic fabric as claimed in claim 1, a separate iron core surrounded by the said electromagnetic fabric and a solenoid winding on the said core, as set forth.

4:. An electric transformer comprising an electromagnetic fabric, as claimed in claim 2, a separate iron core surrounded by the said electromagnetic fabric, a solenoid winding on the said core, a second separate iron core surrounding the electromagnetic fabric, and a solenoid winding on the second iron core, as set forth.

5. An electric transformer as claimed in claim 4:, wherein the inner and outer cores with solenoid windings are subdivided and provided on either side of the cores of the electroma netic fabric, as set forth.

6. An electric transformer as claimed in claim 5, in which the windings on the sub divided inner and outer cores are separate windings, as set forth.

7. An electric transformer as claimed in claim 6, in which the cores formed by the sub-dividing are connected to corresponding ones of the cores provided. in the electromagnetic fabric, as set forth.

8. An electric transformer as claimed in claim 7, in combination with means for sending an alternating current of predetermined frequency through the interlacing conductors and through the winding on one of the cores of the electromagnetic fabric, the windings on the corresponding inner and outer subdivided cores being connected to the winding on the subsequent core of the electromagnetic fabric, the windings on the inner and outer sub-divided cores corresponding to the latter core of the electromagnetic fabric being connected to the winding on the subsequent core of the electromagnetic fabric, and so on, throughout the various portions of the whole of the transformer, for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

GUSTAVE PLAISANT. 

